Post by WeAreAllOne on Feb 6, 2017 21:14:24 GMT -8
Weed-Whacking Herbicide Proves Deadly to Human Cells
Used in gardens, farms, and parks around the world, the weed killer Roundup contains an ingredient that can suffocate human cells in a laboratory, researchers say.
Used in yards, farms and parks throughout the world, Roundup has long been a top-selling weed killer. But now researchers have found that one of Roundup’s inert ingredients can kill human cells, particularly embryonic, placental and umbilical cord cells.
Toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations
Despite claims that glyphosate has been widely studied by regulatory agencies and industry, little is known about the health effects of glyphosate-based herbicides at levels found in food or water. Indeed, to estimate a safe level of glyphosate for regulatory purposes, glyphosate has been tested in long-term and developmental toxicity tests in rodents. All these tests have been performed with glyphosate alone at very high levels. However, the exposure of animals at doses ranging from around 10,000 ppb during their whole life is not relevant to conclude on the effects of exposures in the much lower dose range of 10-100 ppb. Many pesticides are endocrine disruptors, meaning that they disrupt cell communications and exercise their toxic effects at low doses over long periods of time – even when higher doses do not have these effects. Various studies have found that glyphosate and Roundup can be endocrine disruptors at levels permitted in tap water [11,12].
The only long-term study at environmentally relevant concentrations was performed with 0.1 ppb of Roundup diluted in drinking water of rats [11]. The incidence of mammary tumors significantly increased in this study. Out of 10 rats treated with Roundup at 0.1 ppb, 9 developed 20 mammary tumors, whereas 5 out of 10 controls only developed 8 tumors. Hormones (Testosterone and estradiol) serum levels were also altered. These results are corroborated by cellular endocrine disturbances found in human mammary cells [12]. Glyphosate was able to replace estrogen and to promote the growth of human mammary cells at around 0.1 ppb. In another study at higher doses, a maternal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide during pregnancy was able to disrupt rat pup development [13]. In the above-cited cases, as for other endocrine disruptors, toxic effects do not always increase in proportion to the dose. In these cases, and contrary to the common industry claim, the dose does not make the poison. These effects are thus not likely to be detected in regulatory tests using only high levels of glyphosate, as has happened in the past for the plastics chemical bisphenol A and other endocrine disruptors [14].
What are EPA's drinking water regulations for glyphosate?
In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act. This law requires EPA to determine the level of contaminants in drinking water at which no adverse health effects are likely to occur. These non-enforceable health goals, based solely on possible health risks and exposure over a lifetime with an adequate margin of safety, are called maximum contaminant level goals (MCLG). Contaminants are any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substances or matter in water.
The MCLG for glyphosate is 0.7 mg/L or 700 ppb. EPA has set this level of protection based on the best available science to prevent potential health problems. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for glyphosate, called a maximum contaminant level (MCL), at 0.7 mg/L or 700 ppb. MCLs are set as close to the health goals as possible, considering cost, benefits and the ability of public water systems to detect and remove contaminants using suitable treatment technologies. In this case, the MCL equals the MCLG, because analytical methods or treatment technology do not pose any limitation.
Here are the PPB of Roundup's active ingredient Glyphosate in common food items.
Glyphosate Food Testing Results: (in parts per billion – ppb)
Full laboratory reports for this food testing can be found below. A searchable database of results can be
found below.
bit.ly/2eOUCvB
detoxproject.org/food-testing-results/
s3.amazonaws.com/media.fooddemocracynow.org/images/anresco_reports_food_testing_2016.pdf
Where Else Has Glyphosate
Been Found?
Glyphosate Residues Found in Food,
Urine, Breast Milk, Rainwater, Rivers, Tap
Water and Tampons – But the FDA Has
Never Conducted Proper Widespread
Testing
Feel free to share, link, discuss freely. Anyone can reply to this topic. Thanks for reading.
Sources:
www.scientificamerican.com/article/weed-whacking-herbicide-p/
detoxproject.org/glyphosate-in-food-water/
safewater.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/212076457-4-What-are-EPA-s-drinking-water-regulations-for-glyphosate-
earthopensource.org/gmomythsandtruths/sample-page/4-health-hazards-roundup-glyphosate/4-2-myth-strict-regulations-ensure-exposed-safe-levels-roundup/
s3.amazonaws.com/media.fooddemocracynow.org/images/anresco_reports_food_testing_2016.pdf
www.organicandhealthy.org/2017/01/monsanto-is-scrambling-to-bury-this.html
Bohn T, et al. (2014) Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans. Food Chem 153: 207-215.
Independent Science News (2014) How “Extreme Levels” of Roundup in Food Became the Industry Norm. www.independentsciencenews.org/news/how-extreme-levels-of-roundup-in-food-became-the-industry-norm/
Krüger M, et al. (2013) Field Investigations of Glyphosate in Urine of Danish Dairy Cows. J Environ Anal Toxicol 3: 186.
Krüger M, et al. (2014) Detection of Glyphosate in Malformed Piglets. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 230.
Moms Across America (2014) Glyphosate Testing Full Report: Findings in American Mothers’ Breast Milk, Urine and Water. www.momsacrossamerica.com/glyphosate_testing_results
Friends of the Earth Europe (2013) Human contamination by glyphosate. www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/press_releases/foee_4_human_contamination_glyphosate.pdf
Rubio F, Kamp L , (2014) Survey of Glyphosate Residues in Honey, Corn and Soy Products. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 249.
GMO Free USA (2015) Kellogg’s Froot Loops Tests Positive For GMOs and Weedkiller. www.gmofreeusa.org/food-testing/kelloggs/kelloggs-froot-loops/
Curwin BD, et al. (2007) Urinary pesticide concentrations among children, mothers and fathers living in farm and non-farm households in iowa. Ann Occup Hyg 51: 53-65.
Krüger M., et al. (2014) Detection of Glyphosate Residues in Animals and Humans. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 210.
Seralini G-E, et al. (2014) Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe 26: 14.
Thongprakaisang S, et al. (2013) Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem Toxicol 59C: 129-136.
Romano M, et al. (2012) Glyphosate impairs male offspring reproductive development by disrupting gonadotropin expression. Arch Toxicol 86: 663 – 673.
Vandenberg LN, et al. (2012) Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 33: 378-455.
Jayasumana C, et al. (2015) Drinking well water and occupational exposure to Herbicides is associated with chronic kidney disease, in Padavi-Sripura, Sri Lanka. Environ Health 14: 6.
Larsen K, et al. (2012) Effects of sub-lethal exposure of rats to the herbicide glyphosate in drinking water: glutathione transferase enzyme activities, levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in liver, kidneys and small intestine. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 34: 811-818.
Mesnage R, et al. (2013) Ethoxylated adjuvants of glyphosate-based herbicides are active principles of human cell toxicity. Toxicology 313: 122 – 128. 13.
Acquavella JF, et al. (2004) Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study. Environ Health Perspect. Mar;112(3):321-6.
Mesnage R, et al. (2012) Glyphosate Exposure in a Farmer’s Family. Journal of Environmental Protection 3:1001-1003.
Used in gardens, farms, and parks around the world, the weed killer Roundup contains an ingredient that can suffocate human cells in a laboratory, researchers say.
Used in yards, farms and parks throughout the world, Roundup has long been a top-selling weed killer. But now researchers have found that one of Roundup’s inert ingredients can kill human cells, particularly embryonic, placental and umbilical cord cells.
Toxic effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulations
Despite claims that glyphosate has been widely studied by regulatory agencies and industry, little is known about the health effects of glyphosate-based herbicides at levels found in food or water. Indeed, to estimate a safe level of glyphosate for regulatory purposes, glyphosate has been tested in long-term and developmental toxicity tests in rodents. All these tests have been performed with glyphosate alone at very high levels. However, the exposure of animals at doses ranging from around 10,000 ppb during their whole life is not relevant to conclude on the effects of exposures in the much lower dose range of 10-100 ppb. Many pesticides are endocrine disruptors, meaning that they disrupt cell communications and exercise their toxic effects at low doses over long periods of time – even when higher doses do not have these effects. Various studies have found that glyphosate and Roundup can be endocrine disruptors at levels permitted in tap water [11,12].
The only long-term study at environmentally relevant concentrations was performed with 0.1 ppb of Roundup diluted in drinking water of rats [11]. The incidence of mammary tumors significantly increased in this study. Out of 10 rats treated with Roundup at 0.1 ppb, 9 developed 20 mammary tumors, whereas 5 out of 10 controls only developed 8 tumors. Hormones (Testosterone and estradiol) serum levels were also altered. These results are corroborated by cellular endocrine disturbances found in human mammary cells [12]. Glyphosate was able to replace estrogen and to promote the growth of human mammary cells at around 0.1 ppb. In another study at higher doses, a maternal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide during pregnancy was able to disrupt rat pup development [13]. In the above-cited cases, as for other endocrine disruptors, toxic effects do not always increase in proportion to the dose. In these cases, and contrary to the common industry claim, the dose does not make the poison. These effects are thus not likely to be detected in regulatory tests using only high levels of glyphosate, as has happened in the past for the plastics chemical bisphenol A and other endocrine disruptors [14].
What are EPA's drinking water regulations for glyphosate?
In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act. This law requires EPA to determine the level of contaminants in drinking water at which no adverse health effects are likely to occur. These non-enforceable health goals, based solely on possible health risks and exposure over a lifetime with an adequate margin of safety, are called maximum contaminant level goals (MCLG). Contaminants are any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substances or matter in water.
The MCLG for glyphosate is 0.7 mg/L or 700 ppb. EPA has set this level of protection based on the best available science to prevent potential health problems. EPA has set an enforceable regulation for glyphosate, called a maximum contaminant level (MCL), at 0.7 mg/L or 700 ppb. MCLs are set as close to the health goals as possible, considering cost, benefits and the ability of public water systems to detect and remove contaminants using suitable treatment technologies. In this case, the MCL equals the MCLG, because analytical methods or treatment technology do not pose any limitation.
Here are the PPB of Roundup's active ingredient Glyphosate in common food items.
Glyphosate Food Testing Results: (in parts per billion – ppb)
Full laboratory reports for this food testing can be found below. A searchable database of results can be
found below.
bit.ly/2eOUCvB
detoxproject.org/food-testing-results/
s3.amazonaws.com/media.fooddemocracynow.org/images/anresco_reports_food_testing_2016.pdf
Where Else Has Glyphosate
Been Found?
Glyphosate Residues Found in Food,
Urine, Breast Milk, Rainwater, Rivers, Tap
Water and Tampons – But the FDA Has
Never Conducted Proper Widespread
Testing
Feel free to share, link, discuss freely. Anyone can reply to this topic. Thanks for reading.
Sources:
www.scientificamerican.com/article/weed-whacking-herbicide-p/
detoxproject.org/glyphosate-in-food-water/
safewater.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/212076457-4-What-are-EPA-s-drinking-water-regulations-for-glyphosate-
earthopensource.org/gmomythsandtruths/sample-page/4-health-hazards-roundup-glyphosate/4-2-myth-strict-regulations-ensure-exposed-safe-levels-roundup/
s3.amazonaws.com/media.fooddemocracynow.org/images/anresco_reports_food_testing_2016.pdf
www.organicandhealthy.org/2017/01/monsanto-is-scrambling-to-bury-this.html
Bohn T, et al. (2014) Compositional differences in soybeans on the market: glyphosate accumulates in Roundup Ready GM soybeans. Food Chem 153: 207-215.
Independent Science News (2014) How “Extreme Levels” of Roundup in Food Became the Industry Norm. www.independentsciencenews.org/news/how-extreme-levels-of-roundup-in-food-became-the-industry-norm/
Krüger M, et al. (2013) Field Investigations of Glyphosate in Urine of Danish Dairy Cows. J Environ Anal Toxicol 3: 186.
Krüger M, et al. (2014) Detection of Glyphosate in Malformed Piglets. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 230.
Moms Across America (2014) Glyphosate Testing Full Report: Findings in American Mothers’ Breast Milk, Urine and Water. www.momsacrossamerica.com/glyphosate_testing_results
Friends of the Earth Europe (2013) Human contamination by glyphosate. www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/press_releases/foee_4_human_contamination_glyphosate.pdf
Rubio F, Kamp L , (2014) Survey of Glyphosate Residues in Honey, Corn and Soy Products. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 249.
GMO Free USA (2015) Kellogg’s Froot Loops Tests Positive For GMOs and Weedkiller. www.gmofreeusa.org/food-testing/kelloggs/kelloggs-froot-loops/
Curwin BD, et al. (2007) Urinary pesticide concentrations among children, mothers and fathers living in farm and non-farm households in iowa. Ann Occup Hyg 51: 53-65.
Krüger M., et al. (2014) Detection of Glyphosate Residues in Animals and Humans. J Environ Anal Toxicol 4: 210.
Seralini G-E, et al. (2014) Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Environmental Sciences Europe 26: 14.
Thongprakaisang S, et al. (2013) Glyphosate induces human breast cancer cells growth via estrogen receptors. Food Chem Toxicol 59C: 129-136.
Romano M, et al. (2012) Glyphosate impairs male offspring reproductive development by disrupting gonadotropin expression. Arch Toxicol 86: 663 – 673.
Vandenberg LN, et al. (2012) Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 33: 378-455.
Jayasumana C, et al. (2015) Drinking well water and occupational exposure to Herbicides is associated with chronic kidney disease, in Padavi-Sripura, Sri Lanka. Environ Health 14: 6.
Larsen K, et al. (2012) Effects of sub-lethal exposure of rats to the herbicide glyphosate in drinking water: glutathione transferase enzyme activities, levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in liver, kidneys and small intestine. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 34: 811-818.
Mesnage R, et al. (2013) Ethoxylated adjuvants of glyphosate-based herbicides are active principles of human cell toxicity. Toxicology 313: 122 – 128. 13.
Acquavella JF, et al. (2004) Glyphosate biomonitoring for farmers and their families: results from the Farm Family Exposure Study. Environ Health Perspect. Mar;112(3):321-6.
Mesnage R, et al. (2012) Glyphosate Exposure in a Farmer’s Family. Journal of Environmental Protection 3:1001-1003.
